Dear Corentin,
I think you want to refer to
the Unicode encoding forms.
See, for instance:
The Unicode Standard supports three character encoding forms: UTF-32, UTF-16, and UTF-8.
Some of the Unicode encoding schemes have the same labels as the three Unicode encoding forms.
Note that Unicode encodings specified in the Unicode standard is a little bit ambiguous, because Unicode distinguishes the encoding forms (code points to code units) from the encoding schemes (code units to bytes; the Unicode Standard supports seven encoding schemes, with LE/BE/BOM for 16 and 32). Assuming that the context here is [format.string.escaped] in document P2736, it looks like you are indeed dealing with the interpretation of code units (represented by the types char8_t, char16_t, and char32_t, per [lex.string.literal] referenced in [format.string.escaped]), and thus with encoding forms.
Best regards,
Robin Leroy